1.0 ABSTRACT
The
objective of this study is to identify the activity profile between winners and
losers in Silat competition between Indonesia versus Philippines, Indonesia
versus Singapore, Malaysia versus Thailand, and Indonesia versus Vietnam in SEA
Games in Singapore 2015. In this study, the category of the Silat athletes is
Class A, Men (50 kg). To analyze successful technique use by the athletes such
as punch, kicking, and blocking, videos of the match in Quarter Final 1,
Quarter Final 2, Semi Final 1 and Final Class A, Men (50kg) will be analyze to
know whether the techniques hit the target, hit elsewhere or miss opponent. For
the statistical analysis of the winner, the number of topple and sweep done by
the silat exponent more than the loser. Therefore, they have obtained higher
points than the loser in Male Class A (50kg) Silat Olahraga Sea Games 2015. All
the raw data collected from the all matches used the system produced by (Shapie
et al., 2013). The descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference
performance between the winner and loser in silat match.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Silat is a term used to describe a
form of martial art practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago (Shapie & Elias, 2016). Silat is well
established in the traditions and culture of Malaysian. This tradition were practiced
in Asian country such as Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines and
Malaysia. Silat was promoted more among the royal families and dynasties in
Malaysian culture. Native Malaysian will use Silat as the mark of their
superiority and power over the others. During ancient time, Silat was the mark
of authority and ultimate.
Nowadays, Silat Malaysia is a very
well- known martial art to the world. There are seven different levels that can
be identified and ranked using belts system starting from white, blue, brown,
yellow, green, red, and black belt. They need to majoring seven different
topics such as Bunga, Jurus, Belebat, Tapak, Buah Pukul, Tempur Seni, and
Tempur Bela Diri. In Silat, the individual will learn different techniques of
attacking and defensive skill such as Elakkan (avoiding technique movements),
Tangkisan (blocking techniques), Tangkapan (catching techniques), Potong
(counter-strike), Amuk (go berserk with diligent).
In 1980, silat has taken part in the
first Silat Olahraga Pencak Silat competition in Singapore. Then Pencak Silat
competition introduced two new competitions which are Silat Seni and Silat
Olahraga.
In the rule of Silat Olahraga, there
are basic commands, time for each match, target are to attack the opponent, and
the scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For basic commands,
‘wasit’ which is referee will call the command ‘sedia’, meaning ‘ready’. Then
the referee will shout ‘mula’ meaning ‘begin’. Immediately the ‘gong’ will be
hit. When the wasit wants to stop the match, he will call ‘berhenti’ meaning
‘stop’. When the fighters step out the ring, the wasit will stop the fight and
bring the fighters back to the center. If the Silat athletes repeatedly steps
outside the ring, especially if he’s stepping backwards, the wasit may
penalizing the athletes point. If he repeated the fault, 2 penalty point will
be given. If the athletes still continues to step out the ring, the wasit may
decide to end the fight and claim his opponent as the winners. There are three
rounds of fighting, two minutes every round, with 1 minute rest between each
round.
For the scoring system, the fighter
are allowed to attack any parts of the body except the groin and the neck above.
Nevertheless, only one score points if one hits the body padding or back. A
kick will score two points, while a punch will score 1 point. A takedown will
earn three points. Elbowing or knee strikes are prohibited. Takedown can be
seen when the opponent kick or punches, the exponent grabs ant parts of the
limbs, and make the opponent fall. Three points will be given if the exponent
did not fall. If the opponent pulls him down during the technique, the exponent
may roll forward, so avoiding falling on top of his opponent. He will still get
three points. If the opponent attacks and the exponent block the attack and
counterattack with a kick, he will get three points. Same goes with punches two
points and takedown four points. If the fighters can punches, kick, and
takedowns in one round to their opponent he will get six points for that round.
3.0 MATERIAL
AND METHODS
In this study, the data
will be analyzed based on match record in video for Pencak Silat Tanding Men’s
Semi Finals Match Class A (45 to 50 kg) between Indonesia vs Philippine in SEA
Games Singapore 2015. This video will be analyze based on the specific skills
of the athletes such as punching, kicking, blocking, and topple either they hit
the target, hit elsewhere, or miss opponent. Thus, the frequency, mean and
percentage of total time were subsequently calculated. According to Shapie
M.N.M. et al., (2013), there are 14 different types of categories of Silat
exponent’s motion:
- Punch
Punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand
with a closed fist hitting the target. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk
lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.
- Kick
The kick ‘tendang’ is attacking movement
which is performed with one or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be front
kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang
lengkar’.
- Block
Blocking movements start with posture
position ‘sikap pasang’, the opponent stands straight with his hands around his
body or close to his chest. Blocking ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows
and legs to block or striking back at any attack.
·
Catch
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is using the hand to
obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat ex-ponent is able
to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught
another direction.
·
Topple
A silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the back or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall will considered valid as long the silat exponent topples
his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent
whom he has brought down.
·
Sweep
Swiping ‘sapuan’ is attacking an
opponent’s leg which are on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to the
ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his
right or left leg. Front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to
the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’
is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg.
·
Dodge/evade
Evade ‘elakan’ is technique by silat
exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique dies bit require the
silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. There are many
ways of defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion
‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and etc.
·
Self-Release
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique
to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent.
·
Block and Punch
The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using
the hand to punch the opponent.
·
Block and Kick
The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using
the leg to kick the opponent.
·
Block and Sweep
The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using
the leg to kick the opponent.
·
Fake Punch
An action which a silat exponent intends
to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive
posture.
·
Fake kick
An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse
the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture.
Reliability of
observation
The author analyzed all
the activities and simultaneously classified each change of motion in a single
match. Two observations were done separated by 48 hours. It requires
experienced silat practitioners to analyze the data as the movement of both
exponents is fast, needing close inspection. The classification of movement was
subjective with work being classified according to the instruction given by the
referee.
4.0 STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted. All the raw data was
exported into Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then transferred into SPSS for
analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for
Social Scientist, version 22.0. A descriptive analysis was used to determine
the difference between the winners and losers in Silat Olahraga Men’s Class A
(50KG) SEA Games 2015 matches.
5.0 RESULTS
Table below shows the
results of 13 techniques that combine between winners and losers for Quarter
Final Match Indonesia versus Singapore, Quarter Final Match Malaysia versus
Thailand, Semi Final Match Indonesia versus Philippines, and Final Indonesia versus
Vietnam Class A (45-50 kg) in SEA Games Singapore 2015.
Table 5.1.1: Indonesia vs Philippines (Indonesia won)
Actions
|
Outcome
|
||||||
Hit
target
|
Hit
elsewhere
|
Miss
opponent
|
Total
|
||||
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
PHI
|
INA
|
||
Block
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
||||
Block
and Kick
|
|||||||
Block
and Punch
|
|||||||
Block
and Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Kick
|
9
|
7
|
6
|
6
|
4
|
1
|
33
|
Fake
kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Punch
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
9
|
||
Fake
punch
|
|||||||
Self-release
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Topple
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
||||
Sweep
|
1
|
8
|
5
|
4
|
18
|
||
Catch
|
6
|
6
|
|||||
Dodge
|
3
|
3
|
|||||
Total
|
15
|
34
|
10
|
6
|
10
|
6
|
8
|
Table 5.1.2: Mean, standard deviation scores for Indonesia and Philippines
Group Statistics
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
INA
|
3
|
8.33
|
9.292
|
5.364
|
PHI
|
3
|
7.00
|
5.364
|
4.041
|
Table 5.1.3: Indonesia VS Vietnam (Vietnam won)
Action
|
Hit
Target
|
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Miss
Target
|
Total
|
|||
Lose
|
Win
|
Lose
|
Win
|
Lose
|
Win
|
||
Block
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
||||
Block
and kick
|
|||||||
Block
and punch
|
|||||||
Block
and sweep
|
|||||||
Kick
|
4
|
4
|
3
|
6
|
1
|
18
|
|
Fake
Kick
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
||||
Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||||
Fake
Punch
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
||||
Self-release
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
8
|
||
Topple
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|||
Sweep
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
9
|
3
|
25
|
|
Catch
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
9
|
|||
Dodge
|
7
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
13
|
|
Others
|
|||||||
Total
|
23
|
20
|
14
|
18
|
4
|
8
|
87
|
Table 5.1.4: Mean, standard deviation
scores for Indonesia and Vietnam
Score
|
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std.
Deviation
|
INA
|
3
|
13.666
|
3.8222
|
|
VIET
|
3
|
15.333
|
2.4015
|
Table 5.1.5: Singapore vs Indonesia (Indonesia Won)
Action
|
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Opponent
|
|||
SING
|
INA
|
SING
|
INA
|
SING
|
INA
|
|
Block
& Punch
|
||||||
Block
& Kick
|
||||||
Block
& Sweep
|
||||||
Block
|
7
|
0
|
||||
Kick
|
14
|
18
|
6
|
3
|
0
|
2
|
Fake
Kick
|
2
|
1
|
||||
Punch
|
9
|
8
|
5
|
0
|
3
|
3
|
Fake
Punch
|
||||||
Topple
|
2
|
3
|
0
|
4
|
||
Catch
|
0
|
5
|
4
|
0
|
||
Dodge
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
||
Sweep
|
1
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
4
|
9
|
Self-Release
|
||||||
Total
|
26
|
38
|
18
|
4
|
14
|
18
|
58
|
60
|
Table 5.1.6: Mean, standard deviation scores for Indonesia and Singapore
Group
Statistics
| |||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
| |
Score
|
INA
|
3
|
20.0000
|
17.08801
|
9.86577
|
SING
|
3
|
19.3333
|
6.11010
|
3.52767
|
Table 5.1.7: Malaysia vs Thailand (Malaysia Won)
Action
|
Hit Target
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Miss Opponent
|
|||
MAS
|
THAI
|
MAS
|
THAI
|
MAS
|
THAI
|
|
Block & Punch
|
||||||
Block & Kick
|
1
|
|||||
Block & Sweep
|
||||||
Block
|
2
|
3
|
||||
Kick
|
9
|
4
|
4
|
5
|
4
|
2
|
Fake Kick
|
||||||
Punch
|
6
|
5
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
Fake Punch
|
||||||
Topple
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
Catch
|
8
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
|
Dodge
|
6
|
5
|
1
|
|||
Sweep
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
|
Self-Release
|
4
|
7
|
1
|
2
|
||
Total
|
40
|
30
|
13
|
15
|
15
|
8
|
68
|
53
|
Table 5.1.8: Mean, standard deviation scores for Malaysia and Thailand
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
Mas
|
3
|
7.11
|
3.516
|
.874
|
Thai
|
3
|
6.4
|
3.323
|
.911
|
Frequency table 5.2.1 Indonesia vs Philippines (Men’s 50kg Class A) (Indonesia Won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Sweep
|
Topple
|
Total
|
Winner
|
2
|
19
|
12
|
4
|
37
|
Loser
|
7
|
14
|
6
|
0
|
27
|
Frequency Table 5.2.2 Indonesia Vs Singapore (Men’s 50kg Class A) (Indonesia Won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Sweep
|
Topple
|
Total
|
Winners
|
11
|
23
|
12
|
7
|
53
|
Loser
|
17
|
20
|
5
|
2
|
44
|
Frequency Table 5.2.3 Malaysia Vs Thailand (Men’s 50kg Class A) (Malaysia Won)
Exponent
|
Hit Elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Total
|
Winner
|
5
|
39
|
4
|
48
|
Loser
|
4
|
31
|
5
|
40
|
Frequency Table 5.2.4 Indonesia Vs Vietnam (Men’s 50kg Class A) (Vietnam Won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Sweep
|
Topple
|
Total
|
Loser
|
8
|
9
|
1
|
18
|
|
Winner
|
1
|
10
|
16
|
2
|
29
|
6.0 DISCUSSION
Based on the data above, the data
shows 4 tables of match in Silat Olahraga Men’s 50kg Class A and for the 4 team.
The technique for the both fighter during the match for every round has been
notated in 14 motion categories for each movement they deliver to the opponent.
The specific skills of the silat olahraga athletes will be selected and be
determined by their techniques that causes them to win and lose the match.
In Quarter Final Match Men’s Class A between Malaysia and
Thailand, the numbers of kicking hit the opponent were higher for Malaysia
which is 9 kicking than Thailand only 4 kick hit on target. Malaysia Silat
Olahraga athlete also have higher catch with 8 catches while Thailand silat
exponent only earned 3 catches. This may contribute to the result of the match,
as catching would help the Malaysia Silat olahraga athlete to prevent the
opponent to earn points when hit the target.
The results of winning
for match men’s 50kg Class A between Indonesia versus Philippines in term of
the technique is by their sweep and topples. This technique has a high point
than punch and kick. Overall their winning game was controlled by hit target on
a sweep and topples. The number hit a target of sweep and topples of Indonesian
Silat Olahraga athlete were dominance compared to the Philippines. Eight
successful sweep and three successful topple by Indonesian Silat Olahraga
athlete shows that this athlete have higher skill and leg power to drop the
opponent. This were supported by Abdul Rasyid, Benedict Tan, Kong Chuan Teh (2002)
stated silat exponent have better explosive leg power when perform in short
duration high-intensity exercise. Sweep and topples are a very effective
technique to gain an extra point during the match.
Analysis on Semi Final
men’s Class A between Indonesia versus Singapore shows Indonesia exponent
earned many points from kicking which is 18 kicking on target, while 14 kicking
on target for Singapore exponent. Also, Indonesia exponent have higher skills
in catching and dodge, as it may help the silat exponent to prevent himself
from the hit.
In Final for match for men’s
50kg Class A, the causes of technique that lead to losing were kicking and
sweep. This match was won by Vietnam. The number hit the target of kicking and
sweep were dominance compare to the Indonesian. Consequently, Indonesia kicking
and sweep are 8 and 9, while Vietnam has 10 punch and 16 sweep, which shows
huge different than Indonesia only 9 sweep. The difference between sweep
techniques for both opponents can determine the win and loss at the last round
of the match when the game an fast and intense matches. The silat games need
high expenditure energy level to perform in short period of time. Another
factor has exponent had an ability to read opponent technique to hit the
specific target. Therefore, timing, power and accuracy training should balance
with a punch and sweep training to increase the performance in silat.
7.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study
examine the techniques used by both exponents Silat Olahraga Sea Games 2015 to
see whether techniques like kick, topple, punch hit the target, hit elsewhere,
or miss opponent. An exponents with a less error may have higher scores in the
matches. Besides, the athletes need to improve their muscular speed, agility,
and power as the video indicates these athletes might have slower reaction to
reacts to the opponent’s movement. So, the athletes need to do more training on
explosive strength to develop muscular power and performance endurance because
martial art required high intensity action movements (Danny Lum et.,al 2016).
While the winner shows highly skills especially when to topple his opponents.
This shows quickness, agility, power is important to success in martial art.
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